OPTIMIZING REPRODUCIBILITY OF OPERANT TESTING THROUGH REINFORCER STANDARDIZATION: IDENTIFICATION OF KEY NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENTS DETERMINING REWARD STRENGTH IN TOUCHSCREENS

Abstract Reliable and reproducible assessment of animal learning and behavior is a central aim of basic and translational neuroscience research.Recent developments in automated operant chamber technology have led to the possibility of universal standard protocols, in addition to increased translational potential, reliability and accuracy.However, t

BackgroundNurses at the frontline faced high risks of the COVID-19 infection, undertook heavy workloads of patient care, and experienced tremendous stress that often led to compassion fatigue.AimThis study was to explore the role of positive psychosocial resources (i.e., perceived social support and emotional regulation efficacy) in the relationshi

Many classifications of hypospadias have been published, mainly based on the position of the ectopic meatus, which is an insufficient criterion to define the severity of this malformation.What really marks the proximal landmark of this malformation is the level of prolock fittings division of the corpus spongiosum, which is always proximal to the e

Abstract Anecdotal oculomotor disturbances have been described in spastic paraplegia type 7 (SPG7).We investigated oculomotor and vestibular dysfunction in five patients with genetically verified SPG7.All five patients exhibited significantly slower velocities of vertical saccades compared to b-0665-cr-bstr controls, but significantly faster than i